Overview
Internal regulation involves many generally involuntary processes. There are some cortical influences but some processes run on their own.
Regulating temperature is important to ward of diseases. It is a process which becomes more difficult as we age.
Hunger and thirst are primarily regulated by the lateral hypothalamus. The medial hypothalamus impacts many functions, each in its own specific region.
Pay particular attention to water regulation and satiety.
Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, you should be able to:
- Explain the importance and process of controlling body temperature.
- Describe the causes and treatments of eating disorders.
- Describe the properties of thirst and hunger.
- Compare and contrast homeostasis and allostasis.
Readings
- Kalat C9-10
- Internal Regulation
- Thalamus
Slides
Videos
Discussion
- What are the ethics of a coach encouraging wrestlers or other athletes to use bulimic-like eating patterns?
- Why do wrestlers, models and others risk their health by doing bulimic eating patterns?
Quiz (not the same as on Canvas)
Written Assignment
- Describe internal regulation, including homeostasis, set point, negative feedback and allostasis.
- Explain the hormonal changed during a menstrual cycle.
- What did you find difficult or confusing in this chapter? If nothing was difficult or confusing, what did you find most interesting?
Study Aids
Key Terms
- activating effects
- agouti-related peptide (AgRP)
- aldosterone
- allostasis
- alpha-fetoprotein
- androgen insensitivity
- androgens
- angiotensin II
- antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
- arcuate nucleus
- basal metabolism
- behavioral activation system (BAS)
- behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
- bluimia nervosa
- cholecystokinin (CCK)
- congenital adrenal hyperplasia
- duodenum
- estradiol
- estrogens
- follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- gender identity
- ghrelin
- glucagon
- hermaphrodite
- homeostasis
- homeothermic
- hypovolemic thirst
- impotence
- insulin
- intersex
- James-Lange theory
- lactase
- lateral hypothalamus
- lateral preoptic area
- leptin
- limbic system
- luteinizing hormone (LH)
- melanocortin
- menstrual cycle
- Mullerian ducts
- negative feedback
- neuropeptide Y (NPY)
- organizing effects
- osmotic pressure
- osmotic thirst
- ovaries
- OVLT
- oxytocin
- panic attack
- paraventricular nucleus (PVN)
- perivulatory period
- poikilothermic
- preogesterone
- preoptic/anterior hypothmys (POA/AH)
- pure autonomic failure
- sensitive period
- set point
- sexual selection
- sexually dimorphic nucleus
- sham-feeding
- sodium-specific hunger
- splanchnic nerves
- SRY gene
- steroid hormones
- subfornical organ (SFO)
- supraoptic nucleus
- testes
- testicular feminization
- testosterone
- vagus nerve
- vaspressin
- ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)
- Wolffian ducts
Summary
In contrast to the quick response of the nervous system, the endocrine system has a slower onset but a longer lasting impact. When they work together, we get the best of both: fast initial reaction and slow and steady reset.